Liver

Couinaud’s functional segmental anatomy.

 

A, The liver is divided into nine segments. Blue longitudinal boundaries (right, middle, and left scissurae) are three hepatic veins. Transverse plane is defined by right main and left main portal pedicles.

egment I, caudate lobe, is situated posteriorly. RHV, Right hepatic vein; MHV, middle hepatic vein; LHV, left hepatic vein; RPV, right portal vein; LPV, left portal vein; GB, gallbladder.

B, Corresponding sonogram shows the main portal vein with its right and left branches. The plane through the right and left branches is the transverse separation of the liver segments. Cephalad to this level lie segments II, IVa, VII, and VIII. Caudally located are segments III, IVb, V, and VI.

 

Spleen


Splenic measurement. Diagram shows sonographic approach to measuring splenic length and width. Splenic size is best measured by obtaining a coronal view that includes the hilum.

Rosenberg et al.10 established an upper limit of normal splenic length of 12 cm for girls and 13 cm for boys (≥15 years).

width (breadth) less than 7 cm.

 

Biliary Tree & Gallbladder

Normal bile ducts. A, Right and left hepatic ducts (arrowhead) are normally seen lying anterior to the portal veins.
B, Common hepatic/common bile ducts of normal caliber in sagittal view lying in the typical position anterior to the portal vein (V) and hepatic artery (arrow).



Liver


 

 

 

 

 

Normal lobar anatomy. Right lobe of the liver (RL) can be separated from left lobe of the liver (LL) by the main lobar fissure that passes through the gallbladder fossa (GB) and inferior vena cava (IVC).